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Strict regime Nasa astronauts 'must follow' while leaving Earth for Mars
Flying some 140 million miles to Mars is one of NASA's biggest plans so far and a space expert has revealed exactly how resilient and dedicated astronauts need to be.
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Flying some 140 million miles to Mars is one of NASA's biggest plans so far and a space expert has revealed exactly how resilient and dedicated astronauts need to be.A trip to Mars could happen in the next 10 years (Image: Getty Images/iStockphoto)
Nasa wants to send humans to Mars as early as the 2030s: a journey that would take around nine whole months. The red planet, which has become the first to be inhabited entirely by robots, is a mind-boggling 140 million miles away from Earth, and is the fourth closest to the Sun.
"Given this distance, planning and self-sufficiency will be essential to successful missions to Mars," Nasa explained. "Facing a communication delay of up to 20 minutes one way, the possibility of equipment failures or medical emergencies, and a critical need to ration food and supplies, astronauts must be capable of confronting an array of situations with minimal support from teams on Earth."
Experts at the space administration are currently working on a range of technologies to help astronauts conduct a three-year round trip to the planet. This includes inflatable landing gear; high-tech space suits that are adaptable to Mars' wicked weather conditions (with medium surface temperatures of -65C); a home on wheels so astronauts can work 'on another world'; surface power systems that operate 'regardless of location or weather', and laser communications to stay in touch with earth and send more data quicker.
Kirsty Lindsay is a post-graduate researcher at Northumbria University, who spent two years at the European Space Agency working on human spaceflight programs. Her current research explores maintaining astronaut health and applying these insights to clinical care on Earth, which could come in handy when Nasa's Mars mission is confirmed.
Speaking exclusively to the Mirror the expert warned that humans leaving Earth to the Red Planet must take part in regular exercise sessions using resistance training on the Advanced Resistive Exercise Device, or ARED, and cardiovascular exercise using a cycle ergometer and treadmill. "These exercise sessions are undertaken almost every day," Kirsty explained. "The astronauts have a medical team on Earth monitoring them, including flight surgeons, nurses, and exercise specialists."
This is because floating in space means astronauts don't need to use their muscles or bones. Without these exercises, a loss of muscle, bone mass, and blood volume can occur - which can wreak havoc on a person's body when they return to Earth. Symptoms such as dizziness and fainting can be experienced, especially amongst female astronauts. This is why astronauts will also have a period of reconditioning exercise and training once back on Earth, which usually lasts around 45 days.
"In December a new exercise device called the Enhanced European Exploration Exercise Device (or E4D), was installed into the Columbus Laboratory on ISS, which will allow astronauts to exercise using a wide range of new movements like twisting which have never been done in space before," Kirsty added. "E4D will potentially make their training sessions more effective by loading muscles and bone that are hard to train in microgravity. The Aerospace Medicine and Rehabilitation Laboratory at Northumbria University helped to test E4D and in-flight results from E4D will help us to understand how astronauts can exercise effectively on their way to Mars, so I'm really excited to see the results!"
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